URINARY SYSTEM P1 – STRUCTURE & TERMINOLOGY

Question 1 The urinary system is primarily responsible for:

Producing hormones

Eliminating waste products from the blood

Digesting nutrients

Transporting oxygen

Question 2 Which organ produces urine?

Ureter

Urinary bladder

Kidney

Urethra

Question 3 The medical term “renal” refers to the:

Bladder

Ureter

Kidney

Urethra

Question 4 How many kidneys does a normal human have?

One

Two

Three

Four

Question 5 Which structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Urethra

Renal artery

Ureter

Renal vein

Question 6 The urinary bladder mainly functions to:

Filter blood

Produce urine

Store urine

Reabsorb water

Question 7 The tube that carries urine out of the body is the:

Ureter

Renal pelvis

Urethra

Nephron

Question 8 Which term means “inflammation of the kidney”?

Cystitis

Urethritis

Nephritis

Pyelitis

Question 9 Which prefix means “urine” or “urinary tract”?

Nephro-

Cysto-

Uro-

Ren-

Question 10 Which structure connects the renal calyces to the ureter?

Renal cortex

Renal pelvis

Renal medulla

Renal capsule

Question 11 The functional unit of the kidney is the:

Glomerulus

Nephron

Collecting duct

Renal pyramid

Question 12 The glomerulus is best described as a:

Tubular structure for reabsorption

Network of capillaries for filtration

Urine storage sac

Muscular valve

Question 13 Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for filtration?

Loop of Henle

Proximal convoluted tubule

Renal corpuscle

Collecting duct

Question 14 The Bowman’s capsule surrounds the:

Renal pelvis

Glomerulus

Collecting duct

Renal pyramid

Question 15 Which kidney region contains renal pyramids?

Renal cortex

Renal medulla

Renal capsule

Renal pelvis

Question 16 The renal cortex mainly contains:

Collecting ducts only

Nephrons and glomeruli

Renal pyramids

Calyces

Question 17 Which structure drains urine from renal pyramids?

Minor calyx

Renal artery

Renal vein

Glomerulus

Question 18 The renal artery carries:

Deoxygenated blood to the kidney

Filtered blood from the kidney

Oxygenated blood to the kidney

Urine to the bladder

Question 19 Which term refers to painful urination?

Polyuria

Dysuria

Hematuria

Anuria

Question 20 The term “hematuria” means:

Absence of urine

Excess urine

Blood in urine

Infection of urine

Question 21 Which condition describes absence of urine production?

Polyuria

Dysuria

Oliguria

Anuria

Question 22 Which term describes excessive urine output?

Oliguria

Dysuria

Polyuria

Hematuria

Question 23 The ureters transport urine by:

Gravity only

Voluntary muscle contraction

Peristaltic movement

Blood pressure

Question 24 Which layer of the urinary bladder allows stretching?

Mucosa

Serosa

Detrusor muscle

Renal capsule

Question 25 The internal urethral sphincter is composed mainly of:

Skeletal muscle

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Elastic cartilage

Question 26 Which structure prevents backflow of urine from the bladder to the ureters?

Urethral sphincter

Trigone

Ureterovesical junction

Renal pelvis

Question 27 The trigone of the bladder is defined by:

Two ureters and one urethra

Two kidneys and one bladder

Three renal pyramids

Three sphincters

Question 28 Which term refers to inflammation of the urinary bladder?

Nephritis

Urethritis

Cystitis

Pyelonephritis

Question 29 Which structure is shared by the urinary and reproductive systems in males?

Ureter

Kidney

Urethra

Bladder

Question 30 Why is the nephron considered the functional unit of the kidney?

It stores urine

It filters blood and forms urine

It transports urine to the bladder

It produces hormones only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Each nephron performs filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, which are essential steps in urine formation.

Question 31 The renal corpuscle is composed of:

Bowman’s capsule and loop of Henle

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

Proximal and distal tubules

Renal pelvis and calyx

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The renal corpuscle includes the glomerulus (capillaries) and Bowman’s capsule.

Question 32 Why does the kidney receive a large proportion of cardiac output?

To store blood

To maintain blood pressure only

To allow efficient blood filtration

To produce red blood cells

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: High blood flow ensures effective filtration and waste removal.

Question 33 Damage to the glomerulus would most directly affect:

Urine storage

Blood filtration

Urine transport

Bladder contraction

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The glomerulus is responsible for filtering plasma from blood.

Question 34 Why is the renal medulla hyperosmotic compared to the cortex?

To store urine

To concentrate urine

To filter blood

To transport oxygen

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The osmotic gradient in the medulla allows water reabsorption and urine concentration.

Question 35 Which structure plays a key role in preventing urinary reflux?

Renal capsule

Ureterovesical junction

Loop of Henle

Internal urethral sphincter

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The oblique entry of ureters into the bladder prevents backward flow during bladder contraction.

Question 36 Why is dysuria commonly associated with lower urinary tract infection?

Reduced urine production

Inflammation of urethral or bladder mucosa

Renal ischemia

Increased glomerular filtration

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Inflammation irritates sensory nerves, causing pain during urination

Question 37 Which anatomical difference explains the higher incidence of UTIs in females?

Larger kidneys

Longer urethra

Shorter urethra

Narrower ureters

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: A shorter urethra allows easier bacterial entry into the bladder

Question 38 An obstruction at the ureter would initially cause:

Reduced blood filtration

Urine accumulation in the kidney

Increased urine output

Immediate bladder distension

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Obstruction leads to urine backup (hydronephrosis).

Question 39 Why is hematuria considered an important clinical sign?

It always indicates infection

It suggests bleeding anywhere along the urinary tract

It confirms kidney failure

It is always benign

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Blood in urine may originate from kidney, ureter, bladder, or urethra

Question 40 The primary purpose of studying urinary system terminology is to:

Replace diagnostic tests

Memorize anatomy only

Accurately describe structure, function, and pathology

Avoid clinical examination

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Proper terminology allows precise communication in clinical practice.

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