REVIEW – NEUROLOGIC & ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS

Question 1 The nervous system mainly functions to:

Secrete hormones

Control and coordinate body activities

Regulate metabolism

Filter blood

Question 2 The endocrine system communicates through:

Electrical impulses

Neurotransmitters only

Hormones released into the bloodstream

Muscle contraction

Question 3 The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:

Synapse

Neuron

Axon

Dendrite

Question 4 Which gland is known as the “master gland” of the endocrine system?

Thyroid gland

Adrenal gland

Pituitary gland

Pineal gland

Question 5 The medical prefix “neuro-” refers to:

Hormone

Brain only

Nerve

Muscle

Question 6 Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Cortisol

Glucagon

Insulin

Epinephrine

Question 7 The central nervous system consists of the:

Brain and spinal cord

Cranial nerves only

Peripheral nerves

Autonomic nerves

Question 8 Which endocrine gland regulates metabolic rate?

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Adrenal gland

Pancreas

Question 9 Which structure connects the brain to the spinal cord?

Cerebellum

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Thalamus

Question 10 Which hormone is secreted by the adrenal medulla?

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Epinephrine

Thyroxine

Question 11 Which neurologic disorder is characterized by recurrent seizures?

Parkinson’s disease

Stroke

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 12 The medical term “hypoglycemia” means:

High blood glucose

Low blood glucose

Excess insulin

Normal glucose

Question 13 Which hormone deficiency causes diabetes insipidus?

Insulin

Aldosterone

ADH

Cortisol

Question 14 Which part of the brain coordinates balance and movement?

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Question 15 Which endocrine disorder is caused by excess cortisol?

Addison’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

Hypothyroidism

Acromegaly

Question 16 Parkinson’s disease is associated with decreased levels of:

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Serotonin

GABA

Question 17 Which symptom is typical of hypothyroidism?

Heat intolerance

Weight loss

Cold intoleranceCold intolerance

Tachycardia

Question 18 Multiple sclerosis primarily involves:

Peripheral nerve damage

Demyelination of the CNS

Muscle inflammation

Neuromuscular junction damage

Question 19 The triad of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia suggests:

SIADH

Addison’s disease

Diabetes mellitus

Hypothyroidism

Question 20 Which neurologic term refers to partial muscle weakness?

Paralysis

Ataxia

Paresis

Tremor

Question 21 Which hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood?

Thyroxine

Parathyroid hormone

Cortisol

ADH

Question 22 Which condition results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells?

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes insipidus

Question 23 Which neurologic symptom indicates upper motor neuron lesion?

Muscle atrophy

Fasciculations

Hyperreflexia

Flaccidity

Question 24 Which endocrine gland secretes melatonin?

Pituitary gland

Thyroid gland

Pineal gland

Adrenal gland

Question 25 Which disorder causes episodic hypertension and palpitations?

Addison’s disease

Pheochromocytoma

Hypothyroidism

SIADH

Question 26 The term “ataxia” refers to:

Loss of sensation

Loss of coordination

Muscle weakness

Tremor

Question 27 Which hormone increases blood glucose during stress?

Insulin

Calcitonin

Cortisol

Melatonin

Question 28 Which neurologic disorder is characterized by progressive memory loss?

Parkinson’s disease

Epilepsy

Alzheimer’s disease

Multiple sclerosis

Question 29 Which endocrine disorder causes hyponatremia due to excess ADH?

Diabetes insipidus

SIADH

Addison’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 30 Why does damage to the cerebellum result in ataxia?

The cerebellum controls sensation

The cerebellum coordinates voluntary movement

The cerebellum produces motor impulses

The cerebellum regulates hormones

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The cerebellum integrates motor signals to ensure smooth, coordinated movement; damage leads to ataxia.

Question 31 Why does hypothyroidism cause bradycardia?

Increased sympathetic activity

Reduced metabolic and cardiac activity

Excess cortisol

Increased ADH

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Low thyroid hormone reduces metabolic rate and cardiac output, leading to slow heart rate.

Question 32 Why does multiple sclerosis cause episodic neurologic deficits?

Permanent neuron loss

Fluctuating demyelination and partial recovery

Progressive muscle inflammation

Endocrine dysfunction

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: MS lesions may heal partially, producing relapsing–remitting symptoms

Question 33 Why does uncontrolled diabetes mellitus lead to neuropathy?

Reduced blood pressure

Chronic hyperglycemia damages nerves

Excess insulin

Increased cortisol

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Long-term high glucose causes microvascular and nerve damage

Question 34 Why is cortisol considered a stress hormone?

It reduces blood glucose

It suppresses immune function only

It mobilizes energy during stress

It induces sleep

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Cortisol increases glucose availability and supports stress response

Question 35 Why does SIADH cause hyponatremia?

Excess sodium excretion

Reduced aldosterone

Water retention dilutes serum sodiumWater retention dilutes serum sodium

Increased glucose levels

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Excess ADH causes water reabsorption, diluting plasma sodium concentration.

Question 36 Why does Parkinson’s disease cause rigidity and bradykinesia?

Peripheral nerve damage

Loss of dopaminergic neurons in basal ganglia

Excess acetylcholine

Muscle inflammation

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Dopamine deficiency disrupts motor control pathways

Question 37 Why does hyperthyroidism lead to weight loss?

Reduced appetite

Increased basal metabolic rate

Reduced insulin secretion

Increased cortisol only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Excess thyroid hormones increase energy expenditure

Question 38 Why does pituitary dysfunction affect multiple endocrine glands?

It produces thyroid hormone

It stores insulin

It secretes tropic hormones controlling other glands

It regulates nerve impulses

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Pituitary hormones regulate thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal glands

Question 39 Why is early diagnosis of neurologic–endocrine disorders important?

They are self-limiting

They affect only one organ

They cause multisystem complications

Imaging is unnecessary

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Both systems influence multiple organs; delayed treatment worsens outcomes.

Question 40 The main purpose of reviewing neurologic and endocrine systems together is to:

Memorize terminology

Replace laboratory testing

Understand integrated control of body homeostasis

Avoid clinical reasoning

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Nervous and endocrine systems work together to maintain homeostasis and adapt to stress.

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