REVIEW – BLOOD/LYMPHATIC & ORAL–MAXILLOFACIAL SYSTEMS

Question 1 Blood is classified as a type of:

Muscle tissue

Nervous tissue

Connective tissue

Epithelial tissue

Question 2 The liquid portion of blood is called:

Serum

Plasma

Lymph

Hemoglobin

Question 3 Which blood cell transports oxygen?

Platelet

Leukocyte

Erythrocyte

Lymphocyte

Question 4 The medical prefix “hemo-” refers to:

Bone

Blood

Tooth

Lymph

Question 5 Which structure filters lymph?

Spleen

Thymus

Lymph node

Bone marrow

Question 6 The hardest tissue in the human body is:

Bone

Dentin

Enamel

Cementum

Question 7 The medical term “gingiva” refers to the:

Tongue

Palate

Gum tissue

Cheek

Question 8 Which tooth type is mainly used for grinding food?

Incisor

Canine

Premolar

Molar

Question 9 The structure that contains nerves and blood vessels inside the tooth is the:

Enamel

Dentin

Cementum

Pulp

Question 10 Which lymphatic organ removes old red blood cells from circulation?

Thymus

Bone marrow

Spleen

Lymph node

Question 11 Anemia is best defined as:

Low white blood cell count

Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

Excess platelet production

Blood clot formation

Question 12 Which blood cell is most involved in bacterial phagocytosis?

Lymphocyte

Monocyte

Neutrophil

Eosinophil

Question 13 The medical term “thrombocytopenia” refers to:

Excess platelets

Low platelet count

Platelet dysfunction only

Increased clotting

Question 14 Which disorder involves malignant proliferation of white blood cells?

Anemia

Lymphoma

Leukemia

Polycythemia

Question 15 Lymphadenopathy means:

Infection of lymph nodes

Enlargement of lymph nodes

Absence of lymph nodes

Obstruction of lymph vessels

Question 16 Dental caries is primarily caused by:

Viral infection

Acid produced by bacteria

Tooth trauma

Aging

Question 17 Which tissue is first affected in dental caries?

Dentin

Cementum

Enamel

Pulp

Question 18 Gingivitis is inflammation of the:

Periodontal ligament

Alveolar bone

Dental pulp

Gingiva

Question 19 Which condition involves destruction of alveolar bone?

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

Aphthous ulcer

Pulpitis

Question 20 Which oral lesion appears as a white patch that cannot be scraped off?

Candidiasis

Aphthous ulcer

Leukoplakia

Herpetic lesion

Question 21 Which blood disorder is caused by clotting factor deficiency?

Leukemia

Polycythemia

Hemophilia

Anemia

Question 22 The term “osteomyelitis” refers to infection of:

Gingiva

Tooth pulp

Bone

Periodontal ligament

Question 23 Which dental condition causes sharp pain that lingers after cold stimulus?

Reversible pulpitis

Irreversible pulpitis

Gingivitis

Attrition

Question 24 Which lymphatic disorder causes chronic limb swelling?

Lymphoma

Leukemia

Lymphedema

Lymphadenitis

Question 25 Which tooth wear pattern is associated with bruxism?

Abrasion

Attrition

Erosion

Caries

Question 26 Which blood disorder increases blood viscosity and thrombosis risk?

Anemia

Leukopenia

Polycythemia

Thrombocytopenia

Question 27 Which dental condition may cause facial swelling and fever?

Gingivitis

Dental abscess

Leukoplakia

Attrition

Question 28 Which immune cell produces antibodies?

T lymphocyte

Neutrophil

B lymphocyte

Monocyte

Question 29 Which term refers to infection originating from a tooth?

Periodontal disease

Odontogenic infection

Stomatitis

Cheilitis

Question 30 Why does iron-deficiency anemia cause fatigue?

Increased blood viscosity

Reduced oxygen delivery to tissues

Excess white blood cells

Increased clot formation

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Low hemoglobin reduces oxygen transport, leading to tissue hypoxia and fatigue.

Question 31 Why are lymph nodes enlarged during infection?

Increased red blood cell destruction

Lymphocyte activation and proliferation

Increased lymph flow only

Bone marrow failure

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Immune response causes lymphocyte multiplication inside nodes

Question 32 Why is leukoplakia considered potentially malignant?

It is always painful

It may undergo dysplastic cellular changes

It is caused by bacteria

It resolves spontaneously

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Leukoplakia may transform into oral cancer

Question 33 Why does untreated dental abscess pose systemic risk?

It affects enamel only

Infection can spread to deep tissues or bloodstream

It reduces saliva flow

It causes tooth discoloration

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Odontogenic infections may spread to fascial spaces or cause sepsis

Question 34 Why does periodontitis often progress without early pain?

No bacterial involvement

Supporting tissues lack pain fibers initially

Excess saliva

Reduced immune response

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Bone and ligament destruction may occur silently.

Question 35 Why does polycythemia increase stroke risk?

Reduced oxygen levels

Increased blood viscosity

Reduced platelet count

Excess lymph

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Thickened blood promotes thrombosis

Question 36 Why does pulpitis cause severe pain?

Enamel exposure

Increased pressure in a rigid pulp chamber

Gingival inflammation

Reduced blood flow only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Inflammation increases intrapulpal pressure, compressing nerves

Question 37 Why is the spleen enlarged in hemolytic anemia?

Reduced hormone secretion

Increased destruction of abnormal red blood cells

Reduced lymph drainage

Increased platelet production

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The spleen removes damaged RBCs, increasing workload

Question 38 Why does xerostomia increase dental caries risk?

Reduced enamel hardness

Loss of salivary buffering and antimicrobial effects

Increased tooth grinding

Reduced pulp size

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Saliva neutralizes acids and controls bacteria

Question 39 Why does lymphedema predispose to infection?

Reduced oxygen delivery

Accumulation of protein-rich fluid impairs immune defense

Increased antibody production

Excess lymphocytes

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Stagnant lymph supports bacterial growth and reduces immunity

Question 40 The main purpose of reviewing blood/lymphatic and dental systems together is to:

Memorize terminology

Replace laboratory and imaging tests

Understand systemic–oral health interactions

Avoid clinical examination

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Oral and hematologic conditions are closely linked in infection, immunity, and systemic health.

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