NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM P3 – APPLICATION OF TERMINOLOGY

Question 1 The term “paresis” is best defined as:

Complete paralysis

Partial muscle weakness

Loss of sensation

Muscle spasm

Question 2 Which term describes complete loss of movement?

Ataxia

Paralysis

Paresthesia

Tremor

Question 3 The medical term “paresthesia” refers to:

Muscle pain

Loss of consciousness

Abnormal sensation such as tingling

Severe headache

Question 4 Which term is used for loss of sensation?

Dysesthesia

Anesthesia

Hyperesthesia

Ataxia

Question 5 The prefix “hemi-” in neurology means:

Both sides

Half or one side

Upper part

Lower part

Question 6 “Hemiplegia” describes:

Weakness of all four limbs

Paralysis of one side of the body

Loss of coordination

Facial paralysis only

Question 7 Which term refers to loss of coordination of movement?

Tremor

Ataxia

Paresis

Rigidity

Question 8 The term “dysarthria” refers to:

Difficulty understanding speech

Difficulty producing speech due to motor dysfunction

Complete loss of speech

Slurred consciousness

Question 9 Which term means difficulty swallowing?

Dysphagia

Aphasia

Dyslexia

Dyspnea

Question 10 The term “tremor” refers to:

Sudden muscle weakness

Rhythmic involuntary movement

Muscle rigidity

Loss of reflexes

Question 11 The term “aphasia” refers to impairment of:

Motor strength

Speech and language

Sensory perception

Balance

Question 12 Which term describes difficulty initiating movement?

Bradykinesia

Ataxia

Hyperkinesia

Dysesthesia

Question 13 “Hyperreflexia” indicates:

Decreased reflexes

Normal reflexes

Increased reflex activity

Absent reflexes

Question 14 Which term refers to decreased reflexes?

Hyperreflexia

Hyporeflexia

Dysreflexia

Areflexia

Question 15 A positive Babinski sign suggests a lesion of the:

Peripheral nerve

Lower motor neuron

Upper motor neuron

Neuromuscular junction

Question 16 The term “spasticity” refers to:

Flaccid muscle tone

Increased muscle tone with velocity-dependent resistance

Muscle wasting

Involuntary muscle twitching

Question 17 Which term describes sudden loss of muscle tone causing falls?

Myoclonus

Cataplexy

Dystonia

Rigidity

Question 18 The term “myoclonus” refers to:

Sustained muscle contraction

Sudden brief involuntary muscle jerks

Loss of muscle tone

Muscle weakness

Question 19 Which term best describes abnormal sustained muscle contraction causing twisting movements?

Tremor

Rigidity

Dystonia

Ataxia

Question 20 “Rigidity” is most commonly associated with:

Cerebellar lesions

Parkinson’s disease

Peripheral neuropathy

Myasthenia gravis

Question 21 Which term refers to increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli?

Hypesthesia

Hyperesthesia

Paresthesia

Dysesthesia

Question 22 The term “dysesthesia” refers to:

Loss of sensation

Abnormal unpleasant sensation

Increased reflexes

Muscle spasm

Question 23 Which term describes loss of proprioception?

Ataxia

Astereognosis

Hypesthesia

Anosognosia

Question 24 The inability to recognize objects by touch is called:

Aphasia

Astereognosis

Agnosia

Dysarthria

Question 25 Which term refers to inability to perform learned purposeful movements?

Aphasia

Apraxia

Ataxia

Dysphagia

Question 26 The term “anosmia” refers to loss of:

Vision

Hearing

Smell

Taste

Question 27 Which term describes involuntary repetitive movements or sounds?

Tics

Tremors

Myoclonus

Seizures

Question 28 “Syncope” is best defined as:

Seizure activitySeizure activity

Sudden loss of consciousness due to reduced cerebral perfusion

Chronic dizziness

Loss of memory

Question 29 Which neurologic term describes abnormal gait due to weakness of one side?

Ataxic gait

Steppage gait

Hemiplegic gait

Parkinsonian gait

Question 30 Why is hyperreflexia typically associated with upper motor neuron lesions?

Loss of reflex arc

Increased inhibitory control

Loss of inhibitory influence from the brain

Peripheral nerve damage

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Upper motor neuron lesions remove inhibitory signals, leading to exaggerated reflexes.

Question 31 Why does ataxia commonly result from cerebellar damage?

The cerebellum controls sensation

The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance

The cerebellum produces motor impulses

The cerebellum regulates muscle tone only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Damage impairs coordination, resulting in ataxia.

Question 32 Why is aphasia considered a cortical disorder rather than a motor disorder?

It affects muscles only

It involves language processing areas of the brain

It results from peripheral nerve damage

It is caused by muscle weakness

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Aphasia arises from damage to language centers such as Broca’s or Wernicke’s areas

Question 33 Why does spasticity differ from rigidity clinically?

Spasticity affects peripheral nerves

Rigidity is velocity-dependent

Spasticity increases with faster movement

Rigidity occurs only during sleep

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Spasticity shows velocity-dependent resistance, unlike rigidity

Question 34 Which feature helps differentiate myoclonus from tremor?

Rhythm

Sudden, brief jerks

Involvement of muscles

Presence of weakness

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Myoclonus consists of sudden, shock-like muscle jerks.

Question 35 Why does dysarthria occur in motor neuron or cerebellar disorders?

Impaired language comprehension

Weakness or incoordination of speech muscles

Hearing loss

Cognitive decline

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Dysarthria results from impaired control of muscles used in speech

Question 36 Why is apraxia not caused by muscle weakness?

Muscles are paralyzed

Sensation is absent

Motor planning is impaired despite normal strength

Reflexes are absent

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Apraxia is a disorder of motor planning, not muscle power

Question 37 Why does loss of proprioception lead to sensory ataxia?

Reduced muscle tone

Impaired awareness of limb position

Cerebellar damage

Spinal cord transection

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Without proprioceptive input, coordinated movement is impaired

Question 38 Which terminology best explains sudden loss of consciousness without convulsions?

Epilepsy

Syncope

Myoclonus

Cataplexy

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Syncope is caused by transient cerebral hypoperfusion

Question 39 Why is hemiplegia commonly seen after stroke?

Bilateral brain damage

Each cerebral hemisphere controls the opposite side of the body

Damage to peripheral nerves

Loss of spinal reflexes

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Lesions in one hemisphere affect contralateral motor function.

Question 40 The main purpose of applying neurologic terminology correctly is to:

Memorize definitions

Replace imaging and tests

Describe neurologic findings precisely and guide diagnosis

Avoid clinical examination

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Accurate terminology allows clear communication, localization, and clinical decision-making.

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