NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM P2 – NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS

Question 1 The term “neurologic disorder” refers to a disease affecting the:

Muscular system

Nervous system

Cardiovascular system

Endocrine system

Question 2 Which symptom is most commonly associated with neurologic disease?

Chest pain

Muscle weakness

Shortness of breath

Jaundice

Question 3 The medical term “seizure” describes:

Loss of muscle tone only

Sudden abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Inflammation of the brain

Infection of the meninges

Question 4 Which condition is characterized by recurrent seizures?

Stroke

Epilepsy

Parkinson’s disease

Myasthenia gravis

Question 5 The term “stroke” is best defined as:

Chronic neurodegeneration

Sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain

Infection of brain tissue

Spinal cord injury

Question 6 Which type of stroke is caused by a blood clot?

Hemorrhagic stroke

Ischemic stroke

Transient ischemic attack

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 7 Which condition involves inflammation of the meninges?

Encephalitis

Myelitis

Meningitis

Neuropathy

Question 8 The term “neuropathy” refers to disease of:

Brain tissue

Spinal cord

Peripheral nerves

Cranial nerves only

Question 9 Which symptom suggests peripheral nerve involvement?

Memory loss

Sensory loss in a glove-and-stocking pattern

Seizures

Loss of consciousness

Question 10 Which neurologic disorder is associated with tremor at rest?

Alzheimer’s disease

Parkinson’s disease

Epilepsy

Multiple sclerosis

Question 11 Parkinson’s disease is primarily caused by loss of:

Acetylcholine

Dopamine

Serotonin

GABA

Question 12 Which brain structure is mainly affected in Parkinson’s disease?

Cerebellum

Substantia nigra

Hippocampus

Thalamus

Question 13 Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by progressive:

Muscle weakness

Cognitive decline

Sensory loss

Motor paralysis

Question 14 Which neurologic disorder is associated with demyelination?

Parkinson’s disease

Multiple sclerosis

Stroke

Epilepsy

Question 15 Multiple sclerosis primarily affects the:

Peripheral nervous system

Central nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

Neuromuscular junction

Question 16 Which symptom is common in multiple sclerosis?

Chest pain

Visual disturbances

Jaundice

Hemoptysis

Question 17 A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is best described as:

Permanent brain damage

Short-lasting neurologic deficit due to temporary ischemia

Brain infection

Chronic neurodegeneration

Question 18 Which condition causes sudden severe headache often described as “worst headache of life”?

Migraine

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Tension headache

Cluster headache

Question 19 Which symptom suggests upper motor neuron lesion?

Muscle atrophy

Fasciculations

Hyperreflexia

Decreased muscle tone

Question 20 Which condition is caused by compression of a peripheral nerve?

Stroke

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Parkinson’s disease

Epilepsy

Question 21 The term “ataxia” refers to:

Muscle weakness

Loss of coordination

Loss of sensation

Tremor

Question 22 Which neurologic disorder affects motor neurons?

Myasthenia gravis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)

Multiple sclerosis

Alzheimer’s disease

Question 23 ALS typically results in:

Sensory loss only

Progressive muscle weakness and paralysis

Memory impairment

Seizures

Question 24 Which disorder involves autoimmune attack at the neuromuscular junction?

Parkinson’s disease

Myasthenia gravis

ALS

Epilepsy

Question 25 A classic symptom of myasthenia gravis is:

Tremor at rest

Fluctuating muscle weakness that improves with rest

Progressive cognitive decline

Sensory loss

Question 26 Which nerve is commonly affected in Bell’s palsy?

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

Facial nerve (CN VII)

Optic nerve (CN II)

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 27 Bell’s palsy typically presents with:

Bilateral facial weakness

Sudden unilateral facial paralysis

Progressive limb weakness

Loss of sensation

Question 28 Which condition involves chronic inflammation of peripheral nerves?

Guillain–Barré syndrome

Alzheimer’s disease

Parkinson’s disease

Stroke

Question 29 Guillain–Barré syndrome often follows:

Head trauma

Viral or bacterial infection

Stroke

Genetic mutation

Question 30 Why does ischemic stroke cause focal neurologic deficits?

Because the entire brain is affected equally

Because specific brain regions lose blood supply

Because neurons regenerate rapidly

Because inflammation spreads uniformly

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Each brain region controls specific functions; ischemia in a localized area produces corresponding deficits.

Question 31 Why does multiple sclerosis cause symptoms that come and go?

Permanent neuron loss

Fluctuating blood pressure

Intermittent demyelination and partial recovery

Progressive infection

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: MS lesions may partially heal, leading to relapsing–remitting symptoms.

Question 32 Why are seizures common after brain injury?

Reduced oxygen delivery only

Increased intracranial pressure

Abnormal electrical activity in damaged neurons

Infection of the meninges

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Injured neurons may develop abnormal electrical firing, triggering seizures

Question 33 Why does Parkinson’s disease cause bradykinesia?

Loss of acetylcholine

Degeneration of dopaminergic neurons

Muscle inflammation

Peripheral nerve damage

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Dopamine deficiency impairs motor control pathways

Question 34 Why does ALS spare sensory function?

Sensory nerves regenerate

ALS selectively affects motor neurons

Sensory neurons are protected by myelin

ALS is autoimmune

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: ALS primarily damages upper and lower motor neurons, not sensory neurons.

Question 35 Why is early treatment critical in meningitis?

To reduce headache only

To prevent permanent neurologic damage and death

To restore memory

To prevent seizures only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Rapid progression can lead to brain damage, sepsis, and death if untreated

Question 36 Which mechanism explains ascending paralysis in Guillain–Barré syndrome?

Central demyelination

Autoimmune attack on peripheral nerve myelin

Loss of motor cortex neurons

Spinal cord compression

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Immune-mediated demyelination begins in peripheral nerves and ascends.

Question 37 Why does myasthenia gravis worsen with activity?

Muscle fiber destruction

Depletion of acetylcholine receptors

Reduced blood supply

Central nervous system damage

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Repeated use exhausts available acetylcholine receptors, reducing transmission.

Question 38 Why is TIA considered a warning sign of stroke?

It causes permanent brain damage

It indicates reversible ischemia without infarction

It affects only peripheral nerves

It is unrelated to stroke risk

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: TIAs reflect transient ischemia and signal high future stroke risk

Question 39 Which feature helps differentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke clinically?

Gradual onset

Sudden severe headache

Mild weakness

Sensory loss only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Hemorrhagic stroke often presents with abrupt severe headache due to bleeding.

Question 40 The main purpose of using precise neurologic terminology is to:

Memorize disease names

Replace imaging studies

Accurately describe neurologic pathology and guide management

Avoid clinical examination

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Clear terminology supports diagnosis, communication, and appropriate treatment.

Bấm vào câu đã làm

để xem lại đáp án + lời giải chi tiết

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40