NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM P1 – STRUCTURE & TERMINOLOGY

Question 1 The nervous system is primarily responsible for:

Hormone production

Communication and control of body activities

Blood circulation

Waste elimination

Question 2 The two main divisions of the nervous system are:

Central and peripheral nervous systems

Somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Sensory and motor systems

Cranial and spinal systems

Question 3 The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the:

Brain and spinal cord

Brain and cranial nerves

Spinal nerves and ganglia

Autonomic nerves

Question 4 The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:

Neuron

Neuroglia

Synapse

Axon

Question 5 Which cell type supports and protects neurons?

Neurons

Astrocytes

Neuroglial cells

Axons

Question 6 The term “encephalon” refers to the:

Spinal cord

Brain

Peripheral nerve

Cerebellum only

Question 7 Which structure carries impulses away from the neuron cell body?

Dendrite

Synapse

Axon

Soma

Question 8 The medical prefix “neuro-” refers to:

Muscle

Blood vessel

Nerve

Brain only

Question 9 Which part of the neuron receives incoming signals?

Axon

Myelin sheath

Dendrites

Node of Ranvier

Question 10 Which structure insulates axons and increases conduction speed?

Dendrite

Myelin sheath

Synapse

Soma

Question 11 The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes:

Brain and spinal cord

Cranial and spinal nerves

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 12 Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary movements?

Autonomic nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Somatic nervous system

Question 13 The autonomic nervous system regulates:

Conscious thought

Voluntary muscle movement

Involuntary body functions

Sensory perception only

Question 14 Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for coordination and balance?

Cerebrum

Brainstem

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Question 15 The brainstem consists of the:

Cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus

Midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Thalamus and hypothalamus

Spinal cord and pons

Question 16 Which structure connects the brain to the spinal cord?

Cerebellum

Thalamus

Brainstem

Cerebrum

Question 17 The cerebrum is mainly responsible for:

Reflex activity

Basic life support functions

Higher cognitive functions

Balance and posture

Question 18 Which lobe of the cerebrum is associated with vision?

Frontal lobe

Parietal lobe

Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

Question 19 The spinal cord primarily functions to:

Produce hormones

Control emotions

Transmit signals between brain and body

Regulate digestion

Question 20 Which term refers to inflammation of the brain?

Neuritis

Meningitis

Encephalitis

Myelitis

Question 21 The meninges are membranes that:

Produce cerebrospinal fluid

Transmit nerve impulses

Protect the brain and spinal cord

Control muscle contraction

Question 22 Which layer of the meninges is the outermost?

Pia mater

Arachnoid mater

Dura mater

Subarachnoid layer

Question 23 Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) primarily functions to:

Transmit nerve impulses

Nourish muscles

Cushion and protect the CNS

Produce hormones

Question 24 Which structure produces most cerebrospinal fluid?

Ventricles

Choroid plexus

Meninges

Spinal cord

Question 25 The term “neuropathy” refers to:

Brain tumor

Spinal cord injury

Disease of peripheral nerves

Inflammation of meninges

Question 26 Which nervous system division is responsible for the “fight or flight” response?

Somatic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

Central nervous system

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 27 Which structure allows rapid impulse conduction along myelinated axons?

Dendrites

Axon hillock

Nodes of Ranvier

Synaptic cleft

Question 28 Which term describes inflammation of the spinal cord?

Neuritis

Encephalitis

Myelitis

Meningitis

Question 29 Cranial nerves primarily arise from the:

Spinal cord

Brain

Autonomic ganglia

Peripheral nerves

Question 30 Why is myelin essential for normal nerve function?

It produces neurotransmitters

It nourishes neurons

It increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction

It generates action potentials

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Myelin insulates axons and allows saltatory conduction, significantly increasing impulse transmission speed.

Question 31 Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in:

Memory loss

Loss of voluntary movement

Impaired coordination and balance

Loss of sensation

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The cerebellum coordinates motor activity and balance

Question 32 Why is the brainstem considered vital for life?

It controls memory and learning

It regulates basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate

It produces cerebrospinal fluid

It controls voluntary movement

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The brainstem contains centers that regulate respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.

Question 33 Which neurological structure is most responsible for conscious thought?

Cerebellum

Brainstem

Cerebrum

Spinal cord

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The cerebrum is involved in higher cognitive functions, including reasoning and consciousness.

Question 34 Why does meningitis cause severe headache and neck stiffness?

Damage to neurons

Increased muscle tone

Inflammation of the meninges

Reduced CSF production

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Inflammation of the meninges irritates pain-sensitive structures

Question 35 Why is CSF important for brain protection?

It produces oxygen

It prevents infection

It cushions the brain against mechanical injury

It stores nutrients

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: CSF acts as a shock absorber for the CNS.

Question 36 Damage to peripheral nerves typically results in:

Cognitive impairment

Motor and sensory deficits

Loss of consciousness

Seizures only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Peripheral nerves carry motor and sensory signals to and from the CNS.

Question 37 Which feature best distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic system?

Presence of neurons

Control of involuntary functions

Use of neurotransmitters

Presence of myelin

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary processes such as heart rate and digestion.

Question 38 Why does damage to the spinal cord often cause paralysis below the level of injury?

Loss of blood supply

Disruption of signal transmission between brain and body

Hormonal imbalance

Reduced CSF production

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The spinal cord transmits motor and sensory signals; injury interrupts these pathways.

Question 39 Which condition is characterized by inflammation of both the brain and spinal cord?

Encephalitis

Myelitis

Meningoencephalitis

Neuropathy

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Meningoencephalitis involves inflammation of brain tissue and meninges, often extending to the spinal cord.

Question 40 The primary purpose of studying neurologic terminology is to:

Memorize anatomy only

Replace imaging studies

Accurately describe structure, function, and neurological disorders

Avoid clinical examination

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Precise terminology is essential for diagnosis, communication, and management of neurological conditions

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