MUSCULAR SYSTEM – MUSCLE DISORDERS (CLINICAL APPLICATION)

Question 1 The medical term “Myopathy” refers to:

Disease of nerves

Disease of muscles

Disease of bones

Disease of joints

Question 2 Which symptom is most commonly associated with muscle disease?

Loss of sensation

Muscle weakness

Joint deformity

Bone pain

Question 3 Muscle atrophy is defined as:

Increase in muscle size

Inflammation of muscle

Decrease in muscle mass

Muscle spasm

Question 4 The term “Myalgia” means:

Muscle weakness

Muscle pain

Muscle inflammation

Muscle paralysis

Question 5 Which condition is characterized by muscle inflammation?

Myositis

Myasthenia

Dystrophy

Neuropathy

Question 6 Muscle weakness that worsens with repeated use is typical of:

Muscular dystrophy

Myasthenia gravis

Polymyositis

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 7 Creatine kinase (CK) is elevated mainly in:

Liver disease

Muscle injury

Kidney failure

Lung disease

Question 8 Which muscle disorder is genetic and progressive?

Myositis

Myasthenia gravis

Muscular dystrophy

Tetanus

Question 9 Rhabdomyolysis involves:

Chronic muscle inflammation

Acute muscle breakdown

Autoimmune muscle weakness

Congenital muscle defect

Question 10 Which symptom suggests a primary muscle disorder rather than nerve disease?

Sensory loss

Muscle wasting

Muscle weakness without sensory loss

Loss of reflexes

Question 11 Polymyositis primarily affects:

Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle

Visceral muscle

Question 12 Which muscle group is usually involved first in polymyositis?

Distal muscles

Facial muscles

Proximal muscles

Respiratory muscles

Question 13 Dermatomyositis is distinguished by:

Muscle cramps

Skin manifestations

Cardiac arrhythmia

Muscle hypertrophy

Question 14 The Gowers’ sign is commonly seen in:

Myasthenia gravis

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Polymyositis

Tetanus

Question 15 Duchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by:

Autoimmune destruction

Lack of dystrophin

Acetylcholine deficiency

Calcium overload

Question 16 Which muscle disorder is associated with thymoma?

Polymyositis

Muscular dystrophy

Myasthenia gravis

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 17 Elevated CK with muscle pain and dark urine suggests:

Myasthenia gravis

Polymyositis

Rhabdomyolysis

Neuropathy

Question 18 Which symptom is LEAST likely in primary muscle disease?

Muscle weakness

Muscle pain

Sensory loss

Muscle atrophy

Question 19 In muscular dystrophy, muscle tissue is gradually replaced by:

Bone

Fat and connective tissue

Cartilage

Blood vessels

Question 20 Which muscle disorder shows normal sensation and reflexes initially?

Peripheral neuropathy

Myopathy

Spinal cord injury

Stroke

Question 21 Muscle cramps are most commonly due to:

Inflammation

Electrolyte imbalance

Autoimmune reaction

Genetic mutation

Question 22 The term “Fasciculation” refers to:

Muscle inflammation

Visible muscle twitching

Muscle pain

Muscle stiffness

Question 23 Which disorder involves destruction of muscle fibers due to trauma or toxins?

Myositis

Myasthenia gravis

Rhabdomyolysis

Muscular dystrophy

Question 24 Polymyositis is most accurately described as:

Infectious muscle disease

Autoimmune inflammatory myopathy

Genetic muscle disorder

Metabolic muscle disease

Question 25 Which laboratory finding supports muscle disease?

Elevated troponin

Elevated creatine kinase

Elevated bilirubin

Elevated glucose

Question 26 Muscle weakness that improves with rest suggests:

Polymyositis

Myasthenia gravis

Muscular dystrophy

Rhabdomyolysis

Question 27 Which muscle disorder may lead to respiratory failure?

Mild myalgia

Severe myasthenia gravis

Muscle cramps

Local muscle strain

Question 28 The primary pathology in myasthenia gravis is located at the:

Muscle fiber

Motor neuron

Neuromuscular junction

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 29 Which term describes painful muscle stiffness?

Myopathy

Myalgia

Myotonia

Myonecrosis

Question 30 Myasthenia gravis causes muscle weakness mainly because of:

Muscle fiber destruction

Reduced acetylcholine synthesis

Autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors

Calcium channel failure

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Autoantibodies block or destroy acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, reducing effective neuromuscular transmission.

Question 31 In Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscle weakness progresses because:

Muscles lack ATP

Muscle fibers cannot repair membrane damage

Nerves degenerate

Calcium is absent

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Absence of dystrophin makes muscle cell membranes fragile, leading to repeated damage and fiber degeneration.

Question 32 Proximal muscle weakness with elevated CK and skin rash suggests:

Myasthenia gravis

Dermatomyositis

Rhabdomyolysis

Motor neuron disease

Question 33 Dark-colored urine in muscle disease is caused by:

Hemoglobin

Bilirubin

Myoglobin

Creatinine

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Muscle breakdown releases myoglobin, which is excreted in urine.

Question 34 Rhabdomyolysis can cause acute kidney injury because:

Calcium deposition in kidneys

Myoglobin obstructs renal tubules

Infection spreads to kidneys

Autoimmune reaction occurs

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Myoglobin precipitates in renal tubules, leading to obstruction and toxicity.

Question 35 Which feature helps differentiate myopathy from neuropathy?

Muscle pain

Muscle weakness

Sensory loss

Elevated CK

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Sensory loss indicates nerve involvement, not primary muscle disease.

Question 36 Inflammatory myopathies are best treated initially with:

Antibiotics

Corticosteroids

Anticholinesterase drugs

Surgery

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are autoimmune and respond to immunosuppression.

Question 37 Myotonia is caused by:

Muscle fiber necrosis

Delayed muscle relaxation after contraction

Loss of muscle mass

Neuromuscular transmission failure

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Myotonia reflects abnormal ion channel function, delaying relaxation.

Question 38 Respiratory muscle involvement is most dangerous in:

Local myalgia

Severe myasthenia gravis

Mild polymyositis

Muscle cramps

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Weakness of diaphragm and intercostal muscles can cause respiratory failure.

Question 39 Which finding supports a diagnosis of muscular dystrophy rather than myasthenia gravis?

Fluctuating weakness

Normal CK level

Progressive muscle wasting

Improvement with rest

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Muscular dystrophy is progressive and degenerative, unlike fluctuating weakness in myasthenia gravis.

Question 40 The main clinical goal in managing chronic muscle disease is to:

Cure the disease completely

Prevent muscle use

Slow progression and preserve function

Increase muscle tone

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Most muscle diseases are chronic; treatment focuses on maintaining strength, mobility, and quality of life.

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