ENDOCRINE SYSTEM P2 – ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

Question 1 An endocrine disorder is a condition caused by:

Infection of glands

Abnormal hormone secretion

Nerve damage

Muscle weakness

Question 2 Which condition results from insulin deficiency or resistance?

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes mellitus

Cushing’s syndrome

Addison’s disease

Question 3 The medical term “hypoglycemia” means:

High blood glucose

Low blood glucose

Normal blood glucose

Excess insulin

Question 4 Which hormone deficiency causes diabetes mellitus type 1?

Glucagon

Cortisol

Insulin

Thyroxine

Question 5 The term “hyperthyroidism” refers to:

Low thyroid hormone levels

Excess thyroid hormone levels

Enlarged thyroid only

Inflammation of the thyroid

Question 6 Which symptom is typical of hyperthyroidism?

Weight gain

Cold intolerance

Heat intolerance

Bradycardia

Question 7 Hypothyroidism commonly presents with:

Weight loss

Tachycardia

Cold intolerance

Increased sweating

Question 8 The medical term “goiter” refers to:

Thyroid inflammation

Thyroid enlargement

Pituitary tumor

Adrenal insufficiency

Question 9 Which disorder results from excess cortisol?

Addison’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

Diabetes insipidus

Hypothyroidism

Question 10 Which condition is caused by deficiency of cortisol and aldosterone?

Cushing’s syndrome

Addison’s disease

Pheochromocytoma

Acromegaly

Question 11 Diabetes mellitus type 2 is primarily characterized by:

Absolute insulin deficiency

Insulin resistance

Excess glucagon only

Pituitary dysfunction

Question 12 Which symptom is common in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?

Polyuria

Bradycardia

Hypotension

Constipation

Question 13 The triad of polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia suggests:

Hypothyroidism

Diabetes mellitus

Addison’s disease

SIADH

Question 14 Which hormone excess causes acromegaly?

Prolactin

Growth hormone

Thyroxine

Cortisol

Question 15 Acromegaly occurs when excess growth hormone is secreted:

Before puberty

During fetal life

After epiphyseal closure

During childhood only

Question 16 Gigantism differs from acromegaly because gigantism occurs:

After adulthood

With cortisol excess

Before epiphyseal closure

With thyroid deficiency

Question 17 Which endocrine disorder causes hyponatremia and hyperkalemia?

Cushing’s syndrome

Addison’s disease

Hyperthyroidism

Diabetes insipidus

Question 18 Which hormone deficiency leads to diabetes insipidus?

Insulin

Aldosterone

ADH

Cortisol

Question 19 Diabetes insipidus is characterized by:

Low urine output

High blood glucose

Excessive dilute urine

Ketone production

Question 20 Which condition results from excess ADH secretion?

Diabetes insipidus

SIADH

Addison’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

Question 21 SIADH typically causes:

Hypernatremia

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia

Hypoglycemia

Question 22 Which disorder involves a tumor of the adrenal medulla?

Addison’s disease

Cushing’s syndrome

Pheochromocytoma

Conn’s syndrome

Question 23 Pheochromocytoma is associated with excess secretion of:

Cortisol

Aldosterone

Catecholamines

Thyroid hormones

Question 24 Which symptom is typical of pheochromocytoma?

Hypotension

Bradycardia

Episodic hypertension

Weight gain

Question 25 Conn’s syndrome is caused by excess:

Cortisol

Aldosterone

ADH

Insulin

Question 26 Primary hyperaldosteronism typically causes:

Hyperkalemia

Hypotension

Hypokalemia

Hypoglycemia

Question 27 Which endocrine disorder causes moon face and central obesity?

Addison’s disease

Hypothyroidism

Cushing’s syndrome

Acromegaly

Question 28 Which laboratory finding supports hypothyroidism?

Elevated T3 and T4

Decreased TSH

Elevated TSH with low T4

Elevated cortisol

Question 29 Which endocrine disorder is autoimmune in origin?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Acromegaly

SIADH

Question 30 Why does Addison’s disease cause hypotension?

Increased sodium retention

Reduced aldosterone leading to sodium loss

Excess cortisol

Increased ADH secretion

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Aldosterone deficiency causes sodium loss and volume depletion, leading to hypotension.

Question 31 Why does Cushing’s syndrome increase infection risk?

Increased insulin secretion

Immunosuppressive effects of cortisol

Reduced blood glucose

Increased aldosterone

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Cortisol suppresses immune responses, increasing susceptibility to infections.

Question 32 Why does uncontrolled diabetes mellitus lead to ketoacidosis?

Excess insulin

Increased fat breakdown due to insulin deficiency

Excess cortisol

Reduced glucagon

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Lack of insulin causes lipolysis and ketone body production

Question 33 Why is hyperthyroidism associated with weight loss?

Reduced appetite

Increased basal metabolic rate

Reduced insulin secretion

Increased cortisol

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Excess thyroid hormones increase energy expenditure.

Question 34 Why does hypothyroidism cause bradycardia?

Increased sympathetic activity

Reduced metabolic and cardiac activity

Excess cortisol

Increased ADH

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Low thyroid hormone reduces heart rate and cardiac output

Question 35 Why does excess ADH in SIADH cause hyponatremia?

Increased sodium excretion

Dilution of plasma sodium due to water retention

Reduced aldosterone

Increased glucose

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Water retention dilutes serum sodium concentration

Question 36 Why does pheochromocytoma cause episodic hypertension?

Constant aldosterone secretion

Intermittent catecholamine release

Reduced cortisol

Increased ADH

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Tumor releases catecholamines episodically, causing sudden BP spikes

Question 37 Why does hyperaldosteronism cause hypokalemia?

Increased potassium intake

Increased renal potassium excretion

Reduced ADH

Reduced sodium reabsorption

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion in the kidneys

Question 38 Why does acromegaly not increase height in adults?

Reduced GH secretion

Epiphyseal plates are closed

Reduced insulin levels

Increased cortisol

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Long bone growth stops after epiphyseal closure.

Question 39 Why is early diagnosis of endocrine disorders important?

They always resolve spontaneously

Hormonal imbalances can cause multi-system complications

They affect only one organ

Laboratory tests are unnecessary

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Hormones affect multiple systems; imbalance leads to widespread effects

Question 40 The main purpose of applying endocrine terminology accurately is to:

Memorize disease names

Replace imaging studies

Communicate diagnosis, mechanism, and severity clearly

Avoid clinical reasoning

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Precise terminology supports diagnosis, management, and patient safety

Bấm vào câu đã làm

để xem lại đáp án + lời giải chi tiết

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40