DERMATOLOGY – CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM REVIEW

Question 1 The skin is primarily responsible for:

Blood circulation

Protection and temperature regulation

Hormone production

Muscle contraction

Question 2 The medical term “dermatitis” refers to:

Skin infection

Skin inflammation

Skin cancer

Skin pigmentation

Question 3 Which layer of the skin contains blood vessels?

Epidermis

Stratum corneum

Dermis

Basement membrane

Question 4 The cardiovascular system mainly functions to:

Produce lymph

Transport blood and nutrients

Control body movement

Regulate digestion

Question 5 Which term means high blood pressure?

Hypotension

Hypertension

Tachycardia

Bradycardia

Question 6 The term “eczema” is commonly associated with:

Chronic inflammatory skin disease

Bacterial skin infection

Skin malignancy

Pigment disorder

Question 7 Which vessel carries blood away from the heart?

Vein

Capillary

Artery

Venule

Question 8 The medical term for chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia is:

Myocarditis

Angina pectoris

Pericarditis

Arrhythmia

Question 9 Melanin is produced by which skin cell?

Keratinocyte

Langerhans cell

Melanocyte

Fibroblast

Question 10 The prefix “cardio-” refers to the:

Blood

Heart

Vessel

Lung

Question 11 Psoriasis is best described as:

Infectious skin disease

Autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder

Skin tumor

Allergic reaction only

Question 12 Which cardiovascular condition is strongly associated with atherosclerosis?

Valvular disease

Coronary artery disease

Congenital heart disease

Myocarditis

Question 13 The term “cyanosis” refers to:

Red discoloration of skin

Blue discoloration due to poor oxygenation

Yellow discoloration of skin

Brown skin pigmentation

Question 14 Which skin finding may indicate chronic venous insufficiency?

Vitiligo

Varicose veins and skin hyperpigmentation

Urticaria

Acne

Question 15 Which heart condition commonly causes peripheral edema?

Left-sided heart failure

Right-sided heart failure

Arrhythmia

Hypertension only

Question 16 Urticaria (hives) is most commonly caused by:

Autoimmune disease

Allergic reaction

Viral infection

Skin malignancy

Question 17 Which skin manifestation may be seen in infective endocarditis?

Psoriatic plaques

Janeway lesions

Acneiform rash

Vitiligo patches

Question 18 The term “tachycardia” refers to:

Slow heart rate

Normal heart rhythm

Fast heart rate

Irregular rhythm

Question 19 Which layer of skin is primarily responsible for collagen production?

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Stratum lucidum

Question 20 Which condition causes thickened, scaly plaques on extensor surfaces?

Eczema

Psoriasis

Tinea infection

Impetigo

Question 21 Atherosclerosis involves the accumulation of:

Calcium in veins

Fatty plaques in arteries

Blood clots in capillaries

Inflammatory cells in myocardium

Question 22 The term “erythema” describes:

Skin blistering

Skin redness

Skin ulceration

Skin thickening

Question 23 Which heart rhythm disorder increases the risk of stroke?

Sinus bradycardia

Atrial fibrillation

Ventricular tachycardia

Heart block

Question 24 Which skin condition presents with loss of pigmentation?

Melasma

Vitiligo

Psoriasis

Rosacea

Question 25 The medical term “ischemia” means:

Inflammation

Reduced blood supply

Infection

Necrosis

Question 26 Which cardiovascular risk factor also worsens skin aging?

Regular exercise

Smoking

Adequate hydration

Balanced diet

Question 27 Which condition is characterized by acute chest pain and skin pallor?

Myocardial infarction

Psoriasis flare

Eczema

Chronic venous disease

Question 28 Which skin lesion is caused by bacterial infection?

Impetigo

Vitiligo

Psoriasis

Urticaria

Question 29 Which cardiovascular term refers to irregular heart rhythm?

Bradycardia

Arrhythmia

Ischemia

Stenosis

Question 30 Why does chronic heart failure often cause peripheral edema and skin changes?

Increased skin permeability

Reduced cardiac output leading to venous congestion

Autoimmune skin reaction

Reduced sweat production

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Right-sided or congestive heart failure leads to venous congestion, causing fluid leakage into tissues and skin changes

Question 31 Cyanosis becomes visible on the skin when:

Blood pressure increases

Hemoglobin is fully oxygenated

Deoxygenated hemoglobin increases

Skin temperature rises

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Cyanosis occurs when deoxygenated hemoglobin exceeds a critical level in capillary blood.

Question 32 Why are Janeway lesions associated with infective endocarditis?

They are allergic skin reactions

They result from immune complex deposition

They are caused by septic emboli

They reflect chronic venous insufficiency

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Janeway lesions are painless lesions caused by septic microemboli from infected heart valves.

Question 33 Atherosclerosis contributes to skin changes in peripheral arterial disease because:

Skin becomes infected

Blood supply to skin is reduced

Melanin production increases

Sweat glands hypertrophy

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Reduced arterial blood flow leads to cold, pale skin and poor wound healing.

Question 34 Why does atrial fibrillation increase the risk of systemic embolism?

It lowers heart rate

It causes valve stenosis

It promotes blood stasis in the atria

It increases blood pressure

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Ineffective atrial contraction leads to clot formation that can embolize to systemic circulation.

Question 35 Chronic venous insufficiency causes skin hyperpigmentation mainly due to:

Increased melanin synthesis

Hemosiderin deposition

Loss of collagen

Reduced oxygenation only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Breakdown of red blood cells leads to iron (hemosiderin) deposition in the skin.

Question 36 Why is smoking considered a major risk factor for both skin and cardiovascular disease?

It increases vitamin absorption

It improves blood circulation

It causes oxidative damage and vascular injury

It enhances immune response

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Smoking damages blood vessels and skin through oxidative stress and reduced oxygen delivery.

Question 37 Which mechanism explains poor wound healing in patients with peripheral arterial disease?

Excess collagen production

Reduced oxygen and nutrient delivery

Increased skin moisture

Enhanced immune function

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Ischemia impairs tissue repair and increases infection risk.

Question 38 The presence of livedo reticularis on the skin may suggest:

Local infection

Vascular obstruction or vasculitis

Fungal disease

Allergic reaction

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Livedo reticularis reflects impaired blood flow in the dermal vasculature

Question 39 Why are patients with severe heart failure at increased risk of skin ulcers?

Excess melanin

Increased sweating

Chronic tissue hypoxia and edema

Autoimmune reactions

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Reduced perfusion and edema impair skin integrity and healing.

Question 40 The primary purpose of integrating dermatologic and cardiovascular findings is to:

Replace laboratory tests

Diagnose skin disease only

Identify systemic disease through skin signs

Avoid imaging studies

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Skin manifestations often reflect underlying cardiovascular pathology and aid early diagnosis.

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