DENTISTRY / ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL P2

Question 1 Dental caries is primarily caused by:

Viral infection

Mechanical trauma

Acid produced by bacteria

Aging process

Question 2 The medical term “caries” refers to:

Tooth fracture

Tooth infection

Tooth decay

Tooth discoloration

Question 3 Which tissue is first affected in dental caries?

Dentin

Pulp

Cementum

Enamel

Question 4 Gingivitis is defined as inflammation of the:

Alveolar bone

Dental pulp

Gingiva

Periodontal ligament

Question 5 Which symptom is most typical of gingivitis?

Tooth mobility

Gingival bleeding

Severe tooth pain

Jaw fracture

Question 6 Periodontitis differs from gingivitis because it involves:

Enamel destruction

Pulp infection

Alveolar bone loss

Tooth discoloration

Question 7 The medical term “pulpitis” refers to inflammation of the:

Enamel

Dentin

Dental pulp

Gingiva

Question 8 Which condition is commonly associated with sharp tooth pain to cold stimuli?

Gingivitis

Dental caries

Pulpitis

TMJ disorder

Question 9 The term “stomatitis” refers to inflammation of the:

Tongue only

Gingiva only

Oral mucosa

Salivary glands

Question 10 Which structure is affected in periapical abscess?

Enamel surface

Gingival margin

Root apex

Occlusal surface

Question 11 A periapical abscess usually results from:

Trauma to the jaw

Untreated dental caries

Salivary gland obstruction

Gingival inflammation only

Question 12 Which term refers to infection of the bone surrounding the tooth?

Periodontitis

Osteomyelitis

Pulpitis

Gingivitis

Question 13 Which dental condition involves reversible inflammation of the pulp?

Irreversible pulpitis

Necrotic pulp

Reversible pulpitis

Periodontitis

Question 14 Irreversible pulpitis is characterized by:

No pain

Short pain to cold

Spontaneous, persistent pain

Gingival bleeding

Question 15 Which oral lesion is typically painful and shallow with a red halo?

Leukoplakia

Aphthous ulcer

Oral cancer

Fibroma

Question 16 Leukoplakia is best described as:

Painful ulcer

White patch that cannot be scraped off

Fungal infection

Viral vesicle

Question 17 Which oral condition is considered potentially malignant?

Aphthous ulcer

Gingivitis

Leukoplakia

Dental caries

Question 18 Oral candidiasis is caused by:

Virus

Bacteria

Fungus

Parasite

Question 19 Which term refers to fungal infection of the oral cavity?

Cheilitis

Candidiasis

Herpangina

Glossitis

Question 20 Which symptom is typical of oral candidiasis?

Hard white plaque that bleeds when scraped

Painless ulcer

Severe tooth pain

Tooth mobility

Question 21 The medical term “cheilitis” refers to inflammation of the:

Tongue

Lips

Palate

Gingiva

Question 22 Which condition commonly causes limited mouth opening (trismus)?

Gingivitis

TMJ disorder

Dental caries

Aphthous ulcer

Question 23 Temporomandibular joint disorder may present with:

Tooth decay

Jaw clicking and pain

Gingival bleeding

Oral ulcers

Question 24 Which term refers to abnormal tooth wear due to grinding?

Attrition

Abrasion

Erosion

Resorption

Question 25 Dental erosion is primarily caused by:

Mechanical forces

Acidic chemical processes

Bacterial infection

Trauma

Question 26 Which condition involves loss of tooth structure at the cervical area due to mechanical forces?

Attrition

Abrasion

Erosion

Caries

Question 27 Which dental condition may cause tooth mobility?

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

Aphthous ulcer

Candidiasis

Question 28 Which term refers to death of the dental pulp?

Pulpitis

Necrotic pulp

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

Question 29 Which condition is characterized by swelling, pain, and pus formation?

Leukoplakia

Dental abscess

Attrition

TMJ disorder

Question 30 Why does untreated dental caries eventually lead to pulpitis?

Enamel regenerates

Bacteria penetrate dentin tubules to reach the pulp

Gingiva becomes inflamed

Cementum thickens

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Dentin tubules allow bacterial toxins to reach the pulp, causing inflammation.

Question 31 Why is irreversible pulpitis associated with spontaneous pain?

Reduced blood supply

Increased pressure within the rigid pulp chamber

Loss of enamel

Gingival inflammation

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Inflammation increases pressure inside the non-expansible pulp chamber, stimulating nerves.

Question 32 Why does periodontitis lead to tooth loss if untreated?

Enamel destruction

Pulp necrosis only

Progressive destruction of supporting bone

Tooth discoloration

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Loss of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament causes tooth instability

Question 33 Why is leukoplakia considered potentially malignant?

It is always painful

It may show dysplastic cellular changes

It is caused by bacteria

It resolves spontaneously

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Leukoplakia may undergo malignant transformation

Question 34 Why does oral candidiasis occur more frequently in immunocompromised patients?

Reduced saliva production only

Increased bacterial growth

Impaired immune defense against fungi

Increased enamel porosity

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Weakened immunity allows fungal overgrowth

Question 35 Why does TMJ dysfunction cause referred pain to the ear?

Shared blood supply

Shared nerve pathways

Dental pulp involvement

Infection spread

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: TMJ and ear share innervation from branches of the trigeminal nerve.

Question 36 Why does chronic bruxism lead to attrition?

Acidic saliva

Bacterial infection

Repeated tooth-to-tooth contact

Loss of periodontal ligament

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Continuous grinding causes mechanical wear of tooth surfaces.

Question 37 Why is a dental abscess potentially dangerous if untreated?

It causes tooth discoloration

Infection can spread to surrounding tissues and bone

It resolves spontaneously

It affects enamel only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Untreated abscess may spread causing osteomyelitis or systemic infection.

Question 38 Why does periapical infection cause bone resorption?

Increased salivary flow

Inflammatory mediators stimulate osteoclast activity

Reduced blood supply

Increased enamel thickness

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Chronic inflammation activates bone resorption

Question 39 Why is early detection of oral cancer critical?

It affects only teeth

Early lesions are painless

Early-stage cancer has a much better prognosis

It is always benign

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes

Question 40 The main purpose of applying dental pathology terminology accurately is to:

Memorize disease names

Replace radiographic examination

Describe disease, severity, and management clearly

Avoid clinical examination

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Accurate terminology supports diagnosis, treatment planning, and professional communication.

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