BLOOD & LYMPHATIC SYSTEM P2 – DISORDERS & TERMINOLOGY

Question 1 A hematologic disorder is a disease affecting the:

Nervous system

Blood or blood-forming organs

Endocrine system

Muscular system

Question 2 The medical term “anemia” refers to:

Increased white blood cells

Reduced oxygen-carrying capacity of blood

Excess platelet count

Blood clot formation

Question 3 Which blood disorder is caused by iron deficiency?

Sickle cell anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia

Hemophilia

Leukemia

Question 4 The term “leukemia” refers to:

Benign enlargement of lymph nodes

Malignant disorder of white blood cells

Reduced platelet production

Excess red blood cells

Question 5 Which symptom is common in anemia?

Hypertension

Fatigue

Polyuria

Hyperglycemia

Question 6 The medical term “thrombocytopenia” means:

High platelet count

Low platelet count

Excess clot formation

Platelet dysfunction only

Question 7 Which blood disorder involves abnormal clotting due to factor deficiency?

Polycythemia

Leukemia

Hemophilia

Lymphoma

Question 8 The term “lymphadenopathy” refers to:

Lymph node inflammation

Enlargement of lymph nodes

Lymphatic vessel obstruction

Absence of lymph nodes

Question 9 Which prefix means “white” in medical terminology?

Erythro-

Leuko-

Thrombo-

Hemo-

Question 10 Which blood disorder is characterized by abnormally shaped red blood cells?

Iron-deficiency anemia

Sickle cell anemia

Thalassemia

Hemophilia

Question 11 Sickle cell anemia is caused by:

Iron deficiency

Genetic mutation affecting hemoglobin

Autoimmune destruction of RBCs

Bone marrow failure

Question 12 Which complication is common in sickle cell disease?

Excessive bleeding

Vaso-occlusive crises

Hypertension only

Lymph node enlargement

Question 13 Which blood disorder results in excess red blood cells?

Anemia

Polycythemia

Leukopenia

Thrombocytopenia

Question 14 Polycythemia increases the risk of thrombosis because of:

Reduced platelet count

Increased blood viscosity

Decreased fibrinogen

Reduced oxygen levels

Question 15 Which disorder involves malignant proliferation of lymphocytes?

Leukemia

Lymphoma

Anemia

Hemophilia

Question 16 Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of:

Sickle cells

Reed–Sternberg cells

Plasma cells

Neutrophil clusters

Question 17 Which symptom is commonly associated with lymphoma?

Chest pain

Painless lymph node enlargement

Hematuria

Polyuria

Question 18 The medical term “leukopenia” means:

Excess white blood cells

Reduced white blood cells

Abnormal white blood cells

Infected white blood cells

Question 19 Which blood disorder increases susceptibility to infection?

Polycythemia

Leukopenia

Thrombocytosis

Hypercoagulability

Question 20 Hemophilia is usually inherited as a:

Autosomal dominant disorder

Autosomal recessive disorder

X-linked recessive disorder

Mitochondrial disorder

Question 21 Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of hemophilia?

Low platelet count

Prolonged clotting time

Elevated hemoglobin

Increased white blood cells

Question 22 The medical term “pancytopenia” refers to:

Excess blood cells

Reduced red cells only

Reduced white cells only

Reduction of all blood cell types

Question 23 Which condition results from bone marrow failure?

Polycythemia

Aplastic anemia

Iron-deficiency anemia

Thalassemia

Question 24 Which blood disorder is associated with ineffective hemoglobin synthesis?

Sickle cell anemia

Thalassemia

Hemophilia

Leukemia

Question 25 The medical term “coagulopathy” refers to:

Excessive clotting

Disorder of blood coagulation

Low hemoglobin

Infection of blood

Question 26 Which condition causes excessive bleeding after minor trauma?

Polycythemia

Leukemia

Hemophilia

Lymphoma

Question 27 Which lymphatic disorder results from obstruction of lymph flow?

Lymphoma

Lymphedema

Lymphadenitis

Leukemia

Question 28 Lymphedema is characterized by:

Decreased blood volume

Swelling due to lymph accumulation

Increased lymphocyte production

Reduced immune response only

Question 29 Which infection is most likely in patients with splenectomy?

Viral hepatitis

Encapsulated bacterial infections

Fungal skin infections

Parasitic infections

Question 30 Why does iron-deficiency anemia cause microcytic red blood cells?

Excess hemoglobin production

Reduced hemoglobin synthesis

Increased RBC destruction

Bone marrow hyperactivity

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Iron deficiency limits hemoglobin production, resulting in smaller (microcytic) RBCs.

Question 31 Why do patients with sickle cell disease develop vaso-occlusion?

Reduced platelet count

Increased RBC flexibility

Rigid, abnormally shaped red blood cells

Reduced blood volume

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Sickle-shaped RBCs obstruct small blood vessels, causing ischemia and pain.

Question 32 Why does leukemia cause anemia and thrombocytopenia?

Increased hormone secretion

Malignant cells crowd out normal bone marrow

Excess iron utilization

Increased RBC destruction only

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Cancerous leukocytes suppress normal hematopoiesis

Question 33 Why is painless lymphadenopathy concerning for malignancy?

Infection is always painful

Malignant lymph node enlargement is often painless

Pain indicates rapid growth

Benign nodes never enlarge

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Lymphomas often present with painless lymph node enlargement

Question 34 Why does hemophilia not affect platelet count?

Platelets are overproduced

Platelets function normally

The disorder involves clotting factor deficiency, not platelets

Platelets are destroyed rapidly

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Hemophilia affects coagulation factors, not platelet number

Question 35 Why does polycythemia increase blood pressure and stroke risk?

Reduced oxygen delivery

Increased blood viscosity

Reduced platelet count

Increased lymph flow

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Thickened blood flows slowly and promotes thrombosis.

Question 36 Why is splenomegaly common in hemolytic anemias?

Increased hormone production

Increased destruction of red blood cells

Reduced lymph drainage

Increased platelet production

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: The spleen removes damaged RBCs, leading to enlargement.

Question 37 Why does lymphedema increase infection risk?

Explanation: Stagnant lymph impairs immune surveillance

Reduced red blood cells

Accumulated protein-rich fluid supports bacterial growth

Increased antibody production

Increased lymphocyte count

Question 38 Why is early diagnosis of lymphoma important?

It always resolves spontaneously

It affects only lymph nodes

It can spread to other organs and bone marrow

Laboratory tests are unnecessary

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Untreated lymphoma can disseminate and become life-threatening

Question 39 Why does aplastic anemia cause pancytopenia?

Increased RBC destruction

Bone marrow failure to produce blood cells

Excess erythropoietin

Increased hemolysis

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Bone marrow failure affects all blood cell lines

Question 40 The main purpose of applying hematologic and lymphatic terminology accurately is to:

Memorize disease names

Replace laboratory testing

Describe disease mechanisms, severity, and management clearly

Avoid clinical reasoning

Đáp án chi tiết:

Explanation: Accurate terminology supports diagnosis, communication, and patient safety

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